Why do you think American film dominance the world Assignment

For what reason do you think American film strength the world - Assignment Example The achievement can likewise be credited to acceptable administration in the United States with approaches positive for film improvement. Likewise, American movies have moderately higher nearness in remote markets while movies of different nations have low nearness in the United States. This can be ascribed to the way that Americans have higher inclination for American films to outside ones, which merges the home market to support residential film makers. All things considered, the high volume of American motion pictures in outside business sectors enables them to order the worldwide film industry. Additionally diminished exchange hindrances nations like China during 1990s helped American films to attack and increment their quality in outside business sectors. Further, sufficient introduction of American films on video comparative with remote motion pictures has additionally come about into their worldwide strength. Expanded accessibility of American films to worldwide broadcast business has likewise strengthened their predominance. In spite of the way that many film delivering nations like China have accomplished achievements in the film ventures; the worldwide predominance of American movies has empowered American motion pictures to get huge bits of their local

The Rivalry Between Boeing and Airbus Essay -- Economics Airlines Airc

The Rivalry Between Boeing and Airbus The competition among Boeing and Airbus returns far, when Boeing was by a long shot the prevailing provider of business planes. Up until 1997, Boeing was the reasonable market pioneer on the traveler plane market. Presently the circumstance is less sure, as Airbus has overwhelmed its American competitor[1] not just in the local market yet in addition on the planet advertise, with its presentation of new models of traveler airplanes. The principle issue tended to in this article is that a 1992 U.S.- EU non military personnel airplane agreement permits an excessive amount of European government support for Airbus, helping it sell a bigger number of jetliners than Boeing, which had a 80% offer in the market 10 years prior. Hence the U.S. government needs the E.U. to stop any new sponsorships given by their administration, which are planned for ensuring their airplane business. The market structure for the aviation part is oligopolistic for example there are not many enough firms to empower boundaries to passage to new firms due to different reasons, for example, enormous capital speculations and high innovation. Subsequently, Boeing and Airbus, which are the two monsters in the avionic business, have for all intents and purposes split the market. At the point when Airbus was first set up, it confronted a great deal of rivalry from Boeing. This non military personnel airplane settlement permitted the European government to take protectionist quantifies by giving different government sponsorships to its creating high â€technology industry (for example Airbus) so it could contend with Boeing in the worldwide market. The chart underneath shows the effect of the appropriations on the amount provided via Airbus in the household advertise. In the chart we accept that the world flexibly is completely versatile at Pw. Under conditions o... ... debates and compound exchange realtionships between the U.S. what's more, the E.U. The E.U. government was supported in giving appropriations to Airbus prior. This is on the grounds that Boeing were the reasonable market pioneers and had built up a syndication power (for example Boeing was the main significant industry in the aviation part) on the planet advertise, yet in addition in the neighborhood European market. Consequently, this acted like a major danger to Airbus, since they couldn't contend on the planet and neighborhood advertise and this could have lead to the decrease of the aeronautic trade of Airbus. In any case, presently, since Airbus has built up itself as one of the fundamental makers in the aviation segment, future endowments are most certainly not attractive with the expectation of complimentary exchange. References: Essential of Economics †John Sloman http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/howdy/business/125726.stm [1] http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/howdy/business/125726.stm

Glenn T. Seaborg Biography

Glenn T. Seaborg Biography Glenn Seaborg was a researcher who found a few components and won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Seaborg was one of the incredible pioneers of atomic science in the United States. He was answerable for the actinide idea of overwhelming component electronic structure. He is credited as co-pioneer ofâ plutonium and different components up to component 102. One intriguing piece of incidental data about Glenn Seaborg is that he may have accomplished what the chemists proved unable: transform lead into gold! A few reports show the researcher transmuted lead into gold (by method for bismuth) in 1980.â Seaborg was conceived on April 19,â 1912â in Ishpeming, Michigan, and kicked the bucket on February 25, 1999 in Layfayette, California at age 86.â Seaborgs Notable Awards 1951 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Edwin McMillan for examine with transuranic elements.Between 1946 and 1958, his group added ten new components to the occasional table.Appointed administrator of the Atomic Energy Commission (1961-1971). Leader of American Chemical Society in 1976.Element 106 was renamedâ seaborgiumâ in his respect. There was discussion over the component name, as it was given while Seaborg was still alive.Co-writer of around 500 logical articles and numerous books.Seaborg held more than 40 licenses, including the main licenses allowed for making synthetic components (curium and americium). Early Nuclear Chemistry and New Element Group - Actinides In February 1941, Seaborg with Edwin McMillan created and synthetically recognized the presence ofâ plutonium. He joined the Manhattan Project soon thereafter and began chip away at the examination of transuranium components and better approaches to remove plutonium from uranium. After the finish of the war, Seaborg moved back to Berkeley where he concocted the possibility of theâ actinideâ group, to situate higher numbered components in the intermittent table of the components. Throughout the following twelve years, his gathering found components 97-102. The actinide bunch is a lot of change metals with properties like one another. The cutting edge occasional table places the lanthanides (another subset of change metals) and actinides beneath the body of the intermittent table, yet in accordance with the progress metals. Cold War Applications of Nuclear Materials Seaborg was designated director of the Atomic Energy Commission in 1961 and held the situation for the following ten years, serving three presidents. He utilized this situation to support the serene utilization of nuclear materials, for example, for clinical determination and medicines, cell based dating, and atomic force. He was likewise engaged with the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and the Non-Proliferation Treaty. Glenn Seaborg Quotes The Lawrence Berkeley Lab recorded a few of Seaborgs most adages. Here are a few top picks: In a statement with respect to instruction, which was imprinted in the New York Times: The training of youngsters in science is at any rate as significant, perhaps more along these lines, than the exploration itself. In a remark about the revelation of the component plutonium (1941): I was a 28-year-old child and I didnt stop to ruminate about it, he told the Associated Press in a 1947 meeting. I didnt think, My God, weve changed the historical backdrop of the world! On being an alumni understudy at Berkeley (1934) and contending with different understudies: Encircled by radiantly splendid understudies, I was questionable I could measure up. However, cheering up in Edisons proclamation that virtuoso is 99 percent sweat, I found a person on foot mystery of progress. I could work more enthusiastically than the majority of them. Extra Biographical Data Complete Name: Glenn Theodore Seaborg Field of Expertise: Nuclear Chemistry Nationality: United States Secondary School: Jordan High School in Los Angeles Place of graduation: UCLA and University of California, Berkeley

Explain the Distinction Between Obedience and Conformity - 1650 Words

Explain the Distinction Between Obedience and Conformity (Essay Sample) Content: EXPLAIN THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN OBEDIENCE AND CONFORMITYBy Name:Name of the Course: PsychologyProfessor (Tutor)The Name of the School (University)The City and State where it is locatedThe DateExplain the Distinction between Obedience and ConformityConformism is the change in feeling, thinking or acting because of imaginary or real pressure exercised by a given group. On the other hand, obedience is the manifestation of behavioral change produced due to the instructions given by people having authority. Social norms are instrumental when discussing the concept of conformity. The paper addresses the distinction between conformity and obedience with the aid of psychological studies such as those of Asch, Sherif, and Milgram.Obedience and conformity shape cognition and behaviors. Carter (2012) defines conformity as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the act involving the aligning of your behavior or thoughts with those of another.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Evolutionary roots of conformity suggest that conf orming to other peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s way of likelihood reduces the chances of exclusion from the society. A proper discussion of conformity needs a profound understanding of social norms. A norm is a threshold for reference when judging what is right and appropriate in the given circumstances that provide the validity criteria. In the same vein, a social norm connotes to the accepted standard of feeling, thinking or acting in a given social group or community (Bocchiaro, P. 2012, 47). The norms affect the manner in which the people look at reality and the axiological functioning.A proper exegesis of conformity is to look at the distinction between normative influence and informative influence that are factors relating to conformity. According to Brehm Kassim (1999), the normative influence discussion rests on the issue of norms. It is trite that norms derive their validity from a grundnorm, basic norm, as espoused by Hans Kelsen in the pure theory of law concept. An individual ascrib ing to normative influence affiliates to the assumed norms to avoid exclusion or embarrassment from the society. The informational influence resolves ambiguous circumstances or situations by using the position taken by others. There is an offer of informational influence to the members of the group. Both normative and informative influences result in psychological effects on the society.Social psychologists also refer normative influences as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"normative social influencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ and informative influences as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"informative social influencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. According Eysenck (2014), conformism has two forms: acquiescence and internalization. Acquiescence occurs when the individual externally agrees to avoid polemics with the group although the person disagrees. On the other hand, internalization occurs when the individual fully agrees and trusts the responses of the group as being of goodwill. Two classical psychological pieces of research were those of Solomo n Asch experiment and Sherifà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s experiment (Eysenck, M. 2004, 98). The psychological experiments help to show the normative and informative influence on the sampled group. For instance, the Sherifà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s autokinetic effect experiment evinces the informative influence of internalization by the group (Hayes, N. 2000, 56). The deductions from the experiment posited that individuals accept the groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s influence authentically in ambiguous or dangerous situation.In the Ashà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s line experiment, the sampled individuals had to identify which of the three lines was of similar length with the target line. According to Fiske (2010), only one of the lines was similar to the target line whereas the other two lines were indifferent. The answer of each of the five was subject the same in the first round of the experiment. However, in the third round of the experiment, there was a change in the responses. Despite the obvious answer to the experiment being Exhibit A, t he second person chose Exhibit C as the correct answer since the first person in front of him had confidently chosen C as the right answer. The last one was the only one who gave the true response to the test (Bocchiaro, P. 2012, 102). The Ashà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s test posited that the first two participants were accomplices who depicted the desire of being correct over the desire of conformity. The Aschà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s experiment findings favor the normative influence more than informative one.The Asch group experiment is pivotal in the study of psychology. However, the experiment received criticism for the application of tasks that had no real value to the subjects who participated. The proponents of the importance of task were VanDello, Baron, and Brunsman. The critique about Asch experiment rested on the usage of strangers as the subject instead of using social groups. The bottom line argument that the results would be different if the participants perceived that the other individuals belong ed to a certain group. The experiment of Wetherell, Abrams, Hogg, Turner and Cochrane substantiated the Aschà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s criticism by using first-year learners of psychology as the subjects or participants. The phenomena of internalization and acquiescence form a continuum rather than the exclusion of the phenomena (Hayes, N. 2000, 187). The theory covering cognitive dissonance substantiates the change of an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s behavior due to a force of situational circumstances.Group dynamics plays an important role in the concept of conformism. The size of a particular group tends to be a factor relating to conformity. According to Hogg (2003), there is a proposition that when the group increases in number, conformity level tends to augment. The concept of leadership serves as an outstanding example of group dynamics. A group that ascribes to the psychology of leadership or followership tends to show a high level of conformity. Evolutionarily, the acceptance of leadership trai ts depends on the different circumstances. For example, a political leader who is masculine having facial morphologies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ traits of aggression and competitiveness, is more preferred in times of war than peace. An age difference affects the stakes of conformity. For instance, during the adolescence period, there are high tendencies of conformity to the peer pressure. Gender differences form part of conformity (Fiske, S. 2010, 17). Male leaders tend to manage the intergroup competition whereas intragroup competition is for the female leader.Obedience encapsulates how an individual responds to another person perceived to have power or authority. Obedience is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the behavioral change produced by the commands of authority (Brehm, S. 1999, 232). The key studies in point are the Bickman and Milgram studies. Bickman (1974) psychological research entailed the ordering of people to do a particular thing by the lead researchers in the streets. At one point of the research, people wore security guards clothing and ordered the passing people to perform certain acts. The research found out that nine of ten people obeyed the individuals dressed in security guard uniforms. People tend to obey when there is perceived authority as per the Bickmanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s research.The Milgramà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s research is the cornerstone experiment describing the phenomenon of obedience. Milgram conducted experiments with a certain set of variations to the reaction of electric shocks ranging from 75 volts to 450 volts (Carter, K. 2012, 300). According to Matsumoto Juang (2012), the finding was that there was 95% of maximization of obedience when the individual participants aided another person in the administration of the electric shocks. Additionally, there was 68.75% obedience when the participants observed full compliance to the experiment by a peer (Milgram, S. 1963, 371). The inducing of the stimuli in the teacher-learner experiment showed an inverse proportion between t he administration of the shocks and the proximity of the studyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s victim. Under the purview of the proximity of victim, Milgram discovered a decrease of about 40% obedience when the Confederate and the participant were in the same place.Personal responsibility is a factor relating to obedience. The Milgramà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s study substantiates the personal responsibility for any harm that might arise. According to Roy Bushman (2010), the experimentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s finding was that obedience drops when there is an assumption of responsibility by a person for any particular harm arising from obedience. Furthermore, the case study infers that the proximity of the victim creates a nexus between the action and the consequence (Packer, J. 2008, 423). The suffering incurred raises the personal responsibility. However, despite application of ferocious acts on a victim whether close or far away did not change the morality of the action.An escalation of harm contributes to obedience. The Milg ramà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s experiment entailed the increase in electric shocks by the teachers on the Confederates. According to Sanderson (2009), the gradual increase of the potential harm through shocks showed that the level of obedience increased as well. From the experiment, it is clear that; only 40 percent of the total participants reached the 450 volts stage (Weiten, W. 2007, 545). It is evident that when the teacher forced the hands of the participants to the electric shock plate, registered a 30% drop of obedience.Authority factors or figures tend to influence the stakes of obedience. In the Milgramà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s studies, there was a low rate of obedience from the individuals who were high in authority. According to Turner (1991), the presence of an authoritative figure or by virtue of a person being in higher authority causes obedience. The 1966 Hoflingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s research refuted the argument of higher obedience only when the authoritative figur... Explain the Distinction Between Obedience and Conformity - 1650 Words Explain the Distinction Between Obedience and Conformity (Essay Sample) Content: EXPLAIN THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN OBEDIENCE AND CONFORMITYBy Name:Name of the Course: PsychologyProfessor (Tutor)The Name of the School (University)The City and State where it is locatedThe DateExplain the Distinction between Obedience and ConformityConformism is the change in feeling, thinking or acting because of imaginary or real pressure exercised by a given group. On the other hand, obedience is the manifestation of behavioral change produced due to the instructions given by people having authority. Social norms are instrumental when discussing the concept of conformity. The paper addresses the distinction between conformity and obedience with the aid of psychological studies such as those of Asch, Sherif, and Milgram.Obedience and conformity shape cognition and behaviors. Carter (2012) defines conformity as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the act involving the aligning of your behavior or thoughts with those of another.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Evolutionary roots of conformity suggest that conf orming to other peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s way of likelihood reduces the chances of exclusion from the society. A proper discussion of conformity needs a profound understanding of social norms. A norm is a threshold for reference when judging what is right and appropriate in the given circumstances that provide the validity criteria. In the same vein, a social norm connotes to the accepted standard of feeling, thinking or acting in a given social group or community (Bocchiaro, P. 2012, 47). The norms affect the manner in which the people look at reality and the axiological functioning.A proper exegesis of conformity is to look at the distinction between normative influence and informative influence that are factors relating to conformity. According to Brehm Kassim (1999), the normative influence discussion rests on the issue of norms. It is trite that norms derive their validity from a grundnorm, basic norm, as espoused by Hans Kelsen in the pure theory of law concept. An individual ascrib ing to normative influence affiliates to the assumed norms to avoid exclusion or embarrassment from the society. The informational influence resolves ambiguous circumstances or situations by using the position taken by others. There is an offer of informational influence to the members of the group. Both normative and informative influences result in psychological effects on the society.Social psychologists also refer normative influences as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"normative social influencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ and informative influences as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"informative social influencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. According Eysenck (2014), conformism has two forms: acquiescence and internalization. Acquiescence occurs when the individual externally agrees to avoid polemics with the group although the person disagrees. On the other hand, internalization occurs when the individual fully agrees and trusts the responses of the group as being of goodwill. Two classical psychological pieces of research were those of Solomo n Asch experiment and Sherifà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s experiment (Eysenck, M. 2004, 98). The psychological experiments help to show the normative and informative influence on the sampled group. For instance, the Sherifà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s autokinetic effect experiment evinces the informative influence of internalization by the group (Hayes, N. 2000, 56). The deductions from the experiment posited that individuals accept the groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s influence authentically in ambiguous or dangerous situation.In the Ashà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s line experiment, the sampled individuals had to identify which of the three lines was of similar length with the target line. According to Fiske (2010), only one of the lines was similar to the target line whereas the other two lines were indifferent. The answer of each of the five was subject the same in the first round of the experiment. However, in the third round of the experiment, there was a change in the responses. Despite the obvious answer to the experiment being Exhibit A, t he second person chose Exhibit C as the correct answer since the first person in front of him had confidently chosen C as the right answer. The last one was the only one who gave the true response to the test (Bocchiaro, P. 2012, 102). The Ashà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s test posited that the first two participants were accomplices who depicted the desire of being correct over the desire of conformity. The Aschà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s experiment findings favor the normative influence more than informative one.The Asch group experiment is pivotal in the study of psychology. However, the experiment received criticism for the application of tasks that had no real value to the subjects who participated. The proponents of the importance of task were VanDello, Baron, and Brunsman. The critique about Asch experiment rested on the usage of strangers as the subject instead of using social groups. The bottom line argument that the results would be different if the participants perceived that the other individuals belong ed to a certain group. The experiment of Wetherell, Abrams, Hogg, Turner and Cochrane substantiated the Aschà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s criticism by using first-year learners of psychology as the subjects or participants. The phenomena of internalization and acquiescence form a continuum rather than the exclusion of the phenomena (Hayes, N. 2000, 187). The theory covering cognitive dissonance substantiates the change of an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s behavior due to a force of situational circumstances.Group dynamics plays an important role in the concept of conformism. The size of a particular group tends to be a factor relating to conformity. According to Hogg (2003), there is a proposition that when the group increases in number, conformity level tends to augment. The concept of leadership serves as an outstanding example of group dynamics. A group that ascribes to the psychology of leadership or followership tends to show a high level of conformity. Evolutionarily, the acceptance of leadership trai ts depends on the different circumstances. For example, a political leader who is masculine having facial morphologies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ traits of aggression and competitiveness, is more preferred in times of war than peace. An age difference affects the stakes of conformity. For instance, during the adolescence period, there are high tendencies of conformity to the peer pressure. Gender differences form part of conformity (Fiske, S. 2010, 17). Male leaders tend to manage the intergroup competition whereas intragroup competition is for the female leader.Obedience encapsulates how an individual responds to another person perceived to have power or authority. Obedience is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the behavioral change produced by the commands of authority (Brehm, S. 1999, 232). The key studies in point are the Bickman and Milgram studies. Bickman (1974) psychological research entailed the ordering of people to do a particular thing by the lead researchers in the streets. At one point of the research, people wore security guards clothing and ordered the passing people to perform certain acts. The research found out that nine of ten people obeyed the individuals dressed in security guard uniforms. People tend to obey when there is perceived authority as per the Bickmanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s research.The Milgramà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s research is the cornerstone experiment describing the phenomenon of obedience. Milgram conducted experiments with a certain set of variations to the reaction of electric shocks ranging from 75 volts to 450 volts (Carter, K. 2012, 300). According to Matsumoto Juang (2012), the finding was that there was 95% of maximization of obedience when the individual participants aided another person in the administration of the electric shocks. Additionally, there was 68.75% obedience when the participants observed full compliance to the experiment by a peer (Milgram, S. 1963, 371). The inducing of the stimuli in the teacher-learner experiment showed an inverse proportion between t he administration of the shocks and the proximity of the studyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s victim. Under the purview of the proximity of victim, Milgram discovered a decrease of about 40% obedience when the Confederate and the participant were in the same place.Personal responsibility is a factor relating to obedience. The Milgramà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s study substantiates the personal responsibility for any harm that might arise. According to Roy Bushman (2010), the experimentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s finding was that obedience drops when there is an assumption of responsibility by a person for any particular harm arising from obedience. Furthermore, the case study infers that the proximity of the victim creates a nexus between the action and the consequence (Packer, J. 2008, 423). The suffering incurred raises the personal responsibility. However, despite application of ferocious acts on a victim whether close or far away did not change the morality of the action.An escalation of harm contributes to obedience. The Milg ramà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s experiment entailed the increase in electric shocks by the teachers on the Confederates. According to Sanderson (2009), the gradual increase of the potential harm through shocks showed that the level of obedience increased as well. From the experiment, it is clear that; only 40 percent of the total participants reached the 450 volts stage (Weiten, W. 2007, 545). It is evident that when the teacher forced the hands of the participants to the electric shock plate, registered a 30% drop of obedience.Authority factors or figures tend to influence the stakes of obedience. In the Milgramà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s studies, there was a low rate of obedience from the individuals who were high in authority. According to Turner (1991), the presence of an authoritative figure or by virtue of a person being in higher authority causes obedience. The 1966 Hoflingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s research refuted the argument of higher obedience only when the authoritative figur...

Spread of Buddhism in China - 834 Words

Buddhism arrived in China by the first century C.E. by way of the Silk Road. Initially, the spread of Buddhism was met with positivity, but as the centuries passed, the Chinese began to view it in a negative light. Additionally, during a period of disunity and political instability, the Chinese peasants welcomed Buddhism, but as Buddhism became more popular, Chinese aristocracy and government saw it as a threat to their power and moved to discredit its movement. Documents 1, 2, and 5 positively supported the spread of Buddhism, and Documents 4 and 6 negatively viewed the spread of Buddhism. The change in attitude corresponding to the spread of Buddhism is presented with Documents 1, 2, and 3, which initially support Buddhism, and Documents 4, 5, and 6, which shows the changing opinions on Buddhism. It would be beneficial to see additional documents written by a peasant in order to show the contrast between elite responses and their motives for choosing a foreign religion over the tra ditional Confucianism. Another helpful document would be a response from a woman because it would be useful to know the reasons a woman in Chinese society would choose Buddhism and their perspective as opposed to the point of view of men. Documents 1, 2, and 5 positively support the spread of Buddhism in China. Document 1 is written by the Buddha himself, and lays down the basic principles followed by all Buddhists. It shows that by eliminating cravings, sorrow would stop. Nevertheless, it isShow MoreRelatedThe Spread Of Buddhism And China1761 Words   |  8 PagesBy 100 C.E., Buddhism founded in India in the 6th century B.C.E was brought to China, gradually winning converts following the collapse of the Han dynasty in 220 C.E., but responses to the spread of Buddhism in China differed. 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The State Of Nature And The Development Of Society

Hobbes and Rousseau: The State of Nature and The Development of Society Humans are taught to act and behave in a certain way. They are told what is wrong and what is right based off of the society they live in. They are given social norms and expectations depending on their race, socioeconomic class and gender. Our calculated behaviors are controlled by the perceptions and consequences from the outside world: society. But what if humans were born and lived within a nonsocial world, how would we behave and what would be our main concerns? In a world of no structure or class system, how would we treat one another? This is the question of the state of nature. The question of whether humans are innately violent, indifferent and/or loving beings have been discussed and debated by many philosophers and political theorist. Two philosophers who talk largely about the state of nature are Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. There are key similarities between the theories of both philosoph ers, as well as significant differences that alter the conclusions that both theories propose about the state of nature and ultimately the development of society. Rousseau s theory includes that a natural state is changed to a civil one when there is an understanding of sufficient resources for all and the innate quality of pity. While Hobbes theory states humans natural state is a violent and threatening one. 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Discussion on Impact Strength free essay sample

This evidently proves the addition of polybutadiene increases the impact strength of HIPS. During polymerisation, the addition of polybutadiene prevents the polymer chains from aligning. This means that there will a reduction of crystalline structures that can be formed. This results in a larger amorphous area, giving it the properties of an amorphous polymer. Since it is more amorphous having the characteristic of irregular spacing between its molecules, it makes HIPS tough and therefore able to within sudden impact making it the highest impact strength. GPPS on the other hand though it is amorphous in nature, it does not has the addition of polybutadiene and thus it will lose out to HIPS in impact strength test. Furthermore, as it is amorphous, there is no regular spacing between the molecules thus it is brittle making it unable to withstand the stress applied on it therefore it has the lowest impact strength of 3036. We will write a custom essay sample on Discussion on Impact Strength or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 61J/m? HDPE has the second highest impact strength of 5602. 689J/m? due to its crystalline structure. As it has a crystalline structure, the molecules will be packed together closely due to the stronger intermolecular forces of attraction and this gives HDPE the characteristic of stiffness making able to withstand impact well. Thus it has a moderately high impact strength. According to the results, PP has an impact strength of 3155. 398 J/m2. It has a slightly higher impact strength than GPPS. PP is semi crystalline which means it is arranged in a regular pattern. Hence, when a sudden impact was given to PP, its resistance to the sudden impact was low compared to HIPS, which has a higher impact strength. . 2 The Izod Impact Test is a method to determine the impact strength of materials. The width and thickness of the specimens is attained by measuring using a vernier caliper. The specimen is clamped vertically with the notch facing the pendulum. When the pendulum swings downwards impacting the specimen at the bottom of its swing, the machine will be able to determine the fracture str ength of the specimen. Hence, by comparing the results of the different specimens, we will be able to rank the materials by their impact strength.

The Harlem Renaissance is a convenient metaphor Essay Thesis Example For Students

The Harlem Renaissance is a convenient metaphor Essay Thesis The Harlem Renaissance is a convenient metaphor for the artistic and intellectual explosion that took place during the asses and asses. Discuss. By Tanya Monkish-Benefit Kerr The Harlem Renaissance remains one of the most momentous creative movements in American history, exceeding its original importance to one specific interest group and hence cannot be looked upon simply as a convenient metaphor. This essay will show that in addition to the eruption of creativity, the Harlem Renaissance should be acknowledged for its significant contribution to changing the self-perception of the We will write a custom essay on The Harlem Renaissance is a convenient metaphor Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Negro in America in such a positive and significant way that eventually transformed the Harlem Renaissance into the Civil Rights Movement of the sasss and changed the identity of America forever. The renaissance served to create a perception of distinctiveness among African Americans, at the same time, compelling white America to acknowledge the significance of an ethnic group far too long seen as inferior. The Harlem Renaissance may be defined as an eruption of creativity overflowing from the gifted minds of African-Americans between the asses and asses; though in truth, it was the center of focus for the articulation and litigation of a marginalia populace as much as it was an artistic movement. Even though mostly considered an African-American literary movement, the Harlem Renaissance stretched far beyond books and poetry to embrace art, dance, and music. The creative minds of blacks behind the Harlem Renaissance used creative expression to make an important impact on all aspects of society, while at the same time providing African-Americans with their first sense of distinctiveness not defined by slavery. Embracing creative arts, individuals sought to re-conceptualize the Negro apart from the white stereotypes that had influenced black peoples allegations to their culture and to one another. They also sought to break free of Victorian ethical values and conformist shame about aspects of their lives that might strengthen racist opinions by whites. Never controlled by a specific school of thought but rather characterized by powerful debates, this movement laid the foundation for all later African American literature and had a huge influence on succeeding black literature and consciousness internationally. While the Harlem Renaissance was certainly not restricted to New York City, Harlem enticed a significant concentration of intellect and talent; therefore, it served as the symbolic capital of cultural development. During the 20th century, approximately six million African-Americans escaped the remunerative hardships and harsh segregationist laws of the South and migrated northward to metropolises in an effort to obtain Jobs and economic stability as well as searching for a more racially open-minded society. Winter estimated that 175,000 of these African-Americans settled in New York City. To attach an unambiguous commencement to the Harlem Renaissance by singling out one precise text can only serve to spark debates since black authors had been published since effortlessly definable as a defining moment was the range of issues that black writers covered as its onset. The true origin of this Renaissance is not in any single work that sparked a revolution, but in the various and multiple congregations of mutual interests by those yearning to showcase the remarkable surge of creativeness via the publication of literary magazines and books. Crucial to the movement were magazines such as the Crisis, published by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP); Opportunity, published by the National Urban League; and The Messenger, a socialist Journal eventually connected with the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, a black labor union. These groups attracted many Negro intellectuals who were particularly upset with the rise in violence against blacks in the United States; therefore, theses organization became the driving force for changing the status quo of the Negro. This mutual need to help one another was a primeval component in changing the movement from a purely literary standpoint into one that incorporated all fine arts; it also played an important role in turning the Harlem Renaissance into a search for a new identity for an ethnic group previously defined by centuries of oppression. Although the artists created vivacious and lasting works of literature, art and music, the Harlem Renaissance quickly became Just as important for the way in which it gave African-Americans a real culture and a pride in acknowledging and embracing that culture. .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea , .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea .postImageUrl , .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea , .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea:hover , .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea:visited , .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea:active { border:0!important; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea:active , .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u33313720b771196ddf6eaa408ca9c1ea:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: High and Late Renaissance Period EssayPrior to this era, the representations of African-Americans in American literature were that of the illiterate and inferior peasant who made his or her living in the dirt of the cotton fields. The intellects contributed to the importance of the Harlem Renaissance by understanding and contributing to its purpose in creating positive role models for the Negro everywhere. One of the most important traits of the Harlem Renaissance is that teamwork was considered a better way to help individual works rather than to compete. An intuitive sense that any single artistic effort was going to define all others created an effort by everyone involved to create a cultural tapestry that served not Just other artists, but audiences as well. In reality, this cultural movement essentially created the idea of the black intellectual for both Americans and Europeans. Furthermore, the creation of the New Negro in Harlem represented the liberation of the last relics of chattel slavery, those of low esteem and even uncertainty and self-revulsion. Appraisers, however, query whether the Renaissance actually accomplished its goals of creating a new identity for the Negro separated from the history of slavery. One of the denunciations is that by trying to create a distinct culture detached from the past cruelties and even the influence of Anglo- European customs it succeeded only in alienation. A more powerful denunciation is that the Harlem Renaissance duplicated only the specific identity of the middle class, intelligent elites of an ethnic group trying to sway its background and views on a population still dominated by lower-class and illiterate people. Yet, another criticism is that the very goal of forging an identity for an entire ethnic group and socially enlightening them was utterly impractical because the vast numbers of African Americans were mostly oblivious of it or knew it only as history. The foundation of all criticisms of the Harlem Renaissance is that it encloses an inevitable element of two- fixedness in that it tried to produce a distinct identity that was centered primarily on white society and educational system. In fact, the central theme that can be concluded from all of the criticism is that it tried to accomplish little more than a lack representation of the white middle class establishment. What is not up for argument is the actual value of the artistic contributions of the era. James Weldon Johnson is an iconic figure in the initiation of the Harlem Renaissance both as writer and editor. He had written the contentious Autobiography of an Ex-colored Man and had also edited the book of American Negro Poetry. This collection showcased quite a few of the Renaissances most artistic poets, including Longboats Hughes, a man who became legendary in the literary world, Hughes possessed a passion for music and mentioned as a medium by showcasing the importance of traditional black folk music. Zorn Neal Hurst published a literary magazine that collapsed almost immediately because of funding issues, but was influential nevertheless. Hurst later achieved immortality with her book Their Eyes were Watching God. Literature was not the only art that defined the Harlem Renaissance. In fact, the music of the era may have been more significant in defining the uniqueness of the common Negro than the literary accomplishments. The music became a channel of communication, while providing inspiration to the literary achievements of writers and dramatists. Jazz surged into the arena of respectability and became symbolic as the essence of the urban way of life. The first Jazz performers were Bessie Smith, Duke Elongating, Charlie Parker and Billie Holiday. Added to this, Longboats Hughes specifically set out to bridge the gap between music and literature by adding the rhythms of Jazz into his poetry while Claude McKay used the ambiance of Jazz in his novel, Home to Harlem. Harlem Renaissance, therefore, epitomizes an attempt to combine artistic channels to construct an identity of artistic expression which is often views as the apex of human creation. It is from this view point that the Renaissance can be propelled to being much more than a metaphor which speaks to comparison, but rather this makes the Renaissance an exemplary worthy of imitation. The visual arts were also a vital component in stimulating the notion of a universality of individuality among blacks during the Harlem Renaissance. Aaron Douglas was head of the Department of Art at Fist University, where he exercised substantial influence over up and coming artists. He truly embraced the status of being the most important visual artist during the glory days of Harlem Renaissance, focusing on large murals hat brought to the fore the accomplishments of African-Americans all through history. .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 , .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 .postImageUrl , .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 , .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983:hover , .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983:visited , .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983:active { border:0!important; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983:active , .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983 .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5da0abd6e25030c45332df024a760983:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Famous People in During the Harlem RenaissanceDouglas showed one of the undercurrents that drove the Harlem Renaissance, which was calling attention to value and contributions of blacks to the advancement of America. Implicit in that goal was the even greater goal of spurring future generations to even greater accomplishments and pride in their culture. Surely, the most long-lasting effect of the Harlem Renaissance may have been the one which entrenched upon the education of African Americans. The innovative endeavor of Negroes proved that stereotype of black inferiority was null and void. The enlightening legacy of the Harlem Renaissance was not simply one in which more blacks saw the significance of education but it was one which saw an intensification in the importance and availability of high education. After the renaissance, more African Americans than ever, enrolled in colleges and universities. However, it was education that African Americans obtained. Since the socio-political actualities of racism divided America either indirectly or openly in nearly every work of literature produced during this period, the Harlem Renaissance is acknowledged for generating militancy borne by that pursuit of knowledge. Anytime a people, who is exposed to an education system at a level they have been deprived of, it is only expected that certain quarters to identify the radical aspects of the denial of that education. Hence, there was a beginning of consciousness among African Americans across America that agreements made had not been kept from Reconstruction through World War I. The Renaissance essentially had the effect of deepening the sense of unfair discrimination by displaying how it could be achieved through much more indirect methods than chattel slavery or the Jim Crow Laws. A significant amount of the intellects of the movement urged that discrimination of this type be challenged and overcome. It could only be through education that the real issues African Americans met in a racially divided world could be dealt with, and as such the literature and art of this period forced black audiences to become to embrace education so that they could understand what they were reading or looking at. During the period of the Harlem Renaissance, African-Americans for the first time had an honest reason to experience pride and rejoice in their identity. Out of Harlem came works of literary, classical and fine arts that spoke of the contribution of their race and forced white supremacist groups to accept their contributions. In that moment in time, the entire world looked at Harlem as the future of artistic expression. The artistic works were grasped by scholars as a means of showcasing the idea that African-Americans no longer needed to classify themselves with a history of suppression and subsidiaries. The Harlem Renaissance produced novelists, poets, artists and musicians who are today considered some of the finest that America ever produced, regardless of the lour of ones skin. That, in fact, may be the ultimate achievement of the Harlem Renaissance. After the tremendous flood of artistic accomplishments that crossed every medium available, these Negro men and women and the works they created could no longer be treated with the grudging respect of great African-American art. Today the finest books, poems, music and artwork are universally recognized as simply great American art. Thus, in addition to the burst of creativity in the artistic and intellectual explosion, the Harlem Renaissance should be recognized for its nutrition to changing the self-image of the Negro; a rise in self-esteem that would eventually transform into the Civil Rights Movement of the asses and changed the identity of America forever. Indeed it was not a convenient metaphor but a celebration of African American heritage and cultural expression that continues to have positive effects on the social, intellectual and economic stature of African Americans and the Diaspora. 1. Bio True Story, Aaron Douglas Biography. 2. Houston Koala, Harlem. 3. Huggins Nathan, Harlem Renaissance (New York: Oxford University Press, 1971) . Kramer Victor and Robert Russ, Harlem Renaissance Re-Examined (New York: Whitish Publishing Company, 1997) 5.

Por vs. Para in Spanish

'Por' vs. 'Para' in Spanish Two Spanish prepositions, por and para, are usually used for the English word for. The differences between them sometimes are subtle, and thus por and para are a constant source of confusion for Spanish students. Key Takeaways: Por and Para Although both Spanish prepositions por and para can often be translated as for, they have separate meanings and can seldom be used as synonyms.Por is often used to indicate who performs an action or the reason for it being performed.Para is often used to indicate the result of an action being performed. Think of Meaning Rather than Translation If its any consolation, prepositions can be as difficult for people learning English. Why do we sometimes say something is under control, and sometimes say something is in control? Why are we in the house but at home? The rules sometimes escape logic. The key to understanding which preposition to use is to think of the meaning you want to convey. If I use a phrase such as three for a dollar in English, the for has a different meaning than it does in this book is for you. In the first case, for indicates an exchange or a rate, while in the second case it indicates an intention or direction. Thus the Spanish translation of the two phrases are different, tres por un dà ³lar and este libro es para ti. The following chart shows some of the major uses of these two prepositions, including ones not translated by for. Uses for Por Por is often used to indicate how something is done or ihe cause of an action. Although the distinction between cause and outcome isnt always clear, por generally isnt used to indicate the result of an action. Expressing movement along, through, around, by, or about: Anduve por las calles de Gijà ³n. (I walked through the streets of Gijà ³n.) Viajamos por Australia con un Land Rover. (We traveled around Australia with a Land Rover.)Denoting a time or duration when something occurs. Viajamos por tres semanas. (Were traveling for three weeks.) Debes pensar en otras personas por sà ³lo un momento. (You ought to think about other people for just a moment.)Expressing the cause (not the purpose) of an action: Me caà ­ por la nieve. (I fell down because of the snow.) Los conflictos originaron por las diferencias culturales e ideolà ³gicas. (The conflicts began because of the cultural and ideological differences.)  Hay diferencia entre comer por hambre y comer por placer. (There is a difference between eating out of hunger and eating for pleasure.)Meaning per: Dos por ciento. (Two percent.) Prefiero comer cuatro comidas por dà ­a. (I prefer eating four meals per day.) Por can also be trans lated as a when a is a preposition: Leo un libro por semana. (I read one book a week.) Meaning supporting or in favor of: Trabajamos por derechos humanos. (We work for human rights.) No puedo votar por el presidente. (I cant vote for the president.)Introducing the agent of an action after a passive verb:. For this reason, por is often used in stating the author of a book or other composition:  Fue escrito por Bob Woodward. (It was written by Bob Woodward.) Ser comido por las aves. (It will be eaten by the birds.)Indicating means of transportation: Viajarà © por avià ³n. (I will travel by plane.)  Quiero llegar a Venezuela por barco. (I want to arrive at Venezuela by ship.)Used in numerous expressions: Por ejemplo. (For example.) Por favor. (Please, literally as a favor.) Uses for Para Para is often used to indicate the outcome of an action or to indicate who or what is affected by an action. Meaning for the purpose of or in order to: Para bailar la bamba, necesita una poca de gracia. (In order to dance the bamba you need a little grace.) Los buses se usan para ir a la frontera. (The buses are used for going to the border.)With a noun or pronoun as object, meaning for the benefit of or directed to: Es para usted. Its for you. Necesitamos mucho dinero para el desarrollo del paà ­s. (We need a lot of money for the countrys development.)Meaning to or in the direction of when referring to a place: Voy para Europa. (Im heading to Europe.) Salimos para el almuerzo. (We are leaving for lunch.)Meaning by or for when referring to a specific time: Necesito el regalo para maà ±ana. (I need the gift for tomorrow.) Vamos a la casa de mi madre para el fin de semana. (Were going to my mothers for the weekend.)

A report for Real Coffee LTD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

A report for Real Coffee LTD - Essay Example Under such circumstances entrepreneurs face non-negligible challenges in controlling and executing the business functions in a smooth fashion, given the obstacles in the form of staff management, delegation of power and business opportunities identification as well as their subsequent achievements (Welter, 2010). Correspondingly, it has been viewed that Real Coffee Ltd., which is a small chain of coffee shops has been facing challenges to maintain a desired level of employee retention rate. The main objective of this paper is therefore, to provide a detailed analysis of the external and internal analysis of the business. Based on the analysis, the discussion further intends to provide rational suggestions that would help in understanding on how curtained changes in the business can help Real Coffee Ltd. to meet its organizational goal. Part 1: External Analysis Consumer Buying Behaviour UK is observed to be amongst the top ten countries that dealt in coffee around the globe as of 201 1. It is worth mentioning that coffee is also measured to be the third-favourite non-alcoholic drink in the country. Over the year, it has been viewed that in the UK, the chain of coffee shops had grown 5.6% and contributed almost 29.1% market share by 2005. However, it has been viewed that independent and local coffee shops only grew by 2% and faced considerable amount of challenges over the year. Economic disturbance in the UK is also assumed to have affected the customer’s behaviours of drinking coffee. For instance, it was viewed that the coffee market grew by 17% from 2005 to 2009, again out of which, 57% of the total consumers 47% of the customers preferred sitting in coffee shops and 8.3 preferred take away services (Business Case Studies LLP, 2013). Moreover, it has also been viewed that today’s teenagers and young adults frequently visit cafes, which replicates it to be a growing trend. A thorough understanding of the consumer buying behaviour also revealed th at about 37% of the coffee consumers prefer black coffee in the UK, while the remaining 63% like to add sweetener with it. 57% of the total consumers further stated to prefer having it at breakfast (Liang & Wu, n.d.). Increasing Competitors Globalization and the rapid technological aspect is not only considered to be a boon for every individual and business house, which aims at establishing themselves at the global market, but is also stated to be a course for small business houses with limited resources. Coffee market in the UK is considered to be one of the largest industries. With the increasing adaption of coffee by the people worldwide, whereby many multinational organizations are being established in the nation creating greater competiveness for smaller coffee shops, it has been viewed that although, small shops provide better quality products at lesser price, people prefer going to branded stores like Costa and Starbuck as a symbolisation of economic status in the society (Ho spitality & Catering News, 2013). According to a survey conducted by Euromonitior international (2012), it was viewed th

Addiction Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Addiction - Research Proposal Example The problem of gambling is bigger than the individual, social group or a community. Understanding and preventing it, is therefore important for the society as well as for the country. Before one can write about gambling, one must understand the nature of its addiction. Addiction according to Henderson is "a complicated condition, with biological, physiological, psychological, behavioral and spiritual aspects. For this reason it is best to think of...addiction as multifaceted disorders, only one of which is the compulsive use of the addicting substance." (3) Individuals who are addicted (whether to alcohol, drugs, gambling or sex etc.) demonstrate particular behavior such as loss of control over the behavior, and continue to engage in the addiction despite negative consequences (Henderson 4). From a behavioral perspective addiction according to the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th Edition) can be defined as an abuse or dependency which has negative consequences and interferes with important obligations, and causes noticeable distress or significant impairment in functioning. The criteria for dependence also include those that indicate physiological dependence as well as a loss of control as evidenced b repeated unsuccessful attempts to quit or cut down." (Henderson 6). Gambling, according to Collins, is a sequence of activities which involve two or more parties willing to place at risk something of value known as the stakes. They engage in this activity in the hope of wining some of greater value called the prize. The winner or loser is determined by the outcome of events that is known as the result. Gambling by definition does not make the gambler addict. This is because it is essentially a game in which the participants may undertake the activities commercially or in private situations (Collins 15). Gambling is an addiction for some people. Addicted gamblers tend to be

Race and ethnicity in the United States Census Essay Example for Free

Race and ethnicity in the United States Census Essay What do the terms race and ethnicity mean to you? Why are these concepts important to United States society? Race is usually defined by the color of a person’s skin such as black, or white. These words are used very frequently. Ethnicity is a more proper way to define us as people and usually refers to our cultural background/ancestry. For example: Africans, African Americans, Caucasians, and Hispanics. These concepts are important to the United States because of the diversity, and all walks of life, census plays a big role. Our ethnicity/race is what distinctively separates us from one another by groups. Also according to (Office Of Management and budget August 28,1995) In 1977, OMB issued the Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and Administrative Reporting that are set forth in Statistical Policy Directive No. 15. The standards in this Directive have been used for almost two decades throughout the Federal government for recordkeeping, collection, and presentation of data on race and Hispanic origin. The standards have been used in two decennial censuses and in surveys of the population, data collections necessary for meeting statutory requirements associated with civil rights monitoring and enforcement, and in other administrative program reporting. Data collection agencies have legislative authority to collect racial and ethnic data needed for Federal programs and in the case of the decennial census, for redistricting. They also use racial and ethnic data for analyses of social, economic, and health trends for population groups. Basically it is important for them to collect this info for federal, business, and statistical reasons. References: http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg_race-ethnicity

Pakistans Relationship with IMF and World Bank Essay -- Pakistan Econ

Pakistan's Relationship with IMF and World Bank My topic deals with Pakistan, its relationship with the IMF and World Bank, and its internal problems that are causing unemployment, poverty, economic crisis and hunger. I shall be analyzing the situation using the neo-classical theory, as it is what the economists of the Pakistan government and the IMF are using to alleviate the economic instability of the country. Situated in the sub-continent, Pakistan is a low-income country, with great promise for growth. Unfortunately, it is held back from reaching middle-income status by chronic problems like a rapidly growing population, sizable government deficits, a heavy dependence on foreign aid, recurrent governmental instability and large military expenditures. It is to address these fundamental faults in Pakistan’s economy that the IMF has initiated the Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) in the country. This is discussed in further detail later in the paper. Like all developing countries, Pakistan’s population is largely employed in the agricultural sector, which accounts for about 48 percent of the labor force. In today’s world the Industrial and Service sectors are the largest growing areas of a developed county’s economy. Yet Pakistan only employs 39 percent of its population in Service, and a minute 13 percent in Industry. This is a paltry figure, compared to the employment statistics of a developed country. Pakistan is also heavily dependent on a single export crop, cotton. Hence the country’s fortunes rise and fall with the cotton market. It is no wonder that there are so many poverty stricken people in Pakistan. When almost half the population is involved in a very volatile market, a lot of the time, a lot of people will be burnt by price fluctuations. The country is also subject to the mercy of the weather. Focussing on a major cash crop means very little diversification. This translates to mass hunger and hard times for the agricultural sector whenever the agrarian lands are ravaged by floods, or conversely, by droughts. Even more importantly, Pakistan’s agricultural sector is marked by large landowners, controlling most of the production. Hence, only a minimal amount of the profit from exports goes to the poor people working for the large farmers. It is these people who constitute a large portion of P... ... what appears to be an inevitable crash of its economy. The situation of the poor and under privileged could also be alleviated eventually as long as the government decides to start spending money on developing an infrastructure that can help feed the hungry by providing them with jobs. Nevertheless, there are no easy options left. Only the painful ones remain. It is, however, important that the pain of reform be distributed equitably, and not born largely by the poorer classes, as is very often the case. There are tough times ahead. Unfortunately, there is little evidence that the Pakistani ruling elite is aware of the gravity of the situation; or that it has what it will take to steer the country out of its mess. Bibliography: Bibliography: Andleeb Abbas, ‘Pakistan: A Puppet on the IMF Chain’ M Sharif, ‘IMF tranche $280 mn: Prof. M Rashid, ‘Fracturing Social Change’ IMF online resources World Bank online resources Pakistan Budget Report, 98-99 Dialogue between IMF and Pakistan, ’99 Lappe, Collins, Rosset, Esparza, ‘World Hunger’ Prof. Dr. M.A. Hussein Mullick, ‘Pulling the country out of its present financial crisis: the challenge for the present regime’

Is the Panama Canal Sustainable?

The Panama Canal was completed in 1914 by the United States. The 51 mile long route cuts through Panama at the narrowest point between North and South America to connect the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Panama is in Central America between Columbia and Costa Rica. The Panama Canal The canal was built to and save ships from Europe and Africa going the entire way around the bottom tip of South America (the red route on the map), to reach western Asia. The canal cuts through Panama and allows most ships to pass through it so save on cost and time (the green route on the map). By building this canal, shipping has been given an enormous advantage, as ships no longer have to sail around the tip of South America to reach either ocean and sailing time is drastically reduced. Investigating the natural environment The climate in Panama is hot and humid, with a prolonged rainy season (May to January) and a short dry season (January to May). The region's normal daily temperature is 26 degrees Celsius and varies little throughout the year, perhaps 2-3 degrees. During the evening hours, however, the temperatures change more considerably, and can fluctuate as much as 6-10 degrees Celsius. There is a climate graph below showing the climatic conditions in Panama. Climate, rainfall and humidity graphs for Panama This graph shows that the rainy season does last from May to January and month with the highest rainfall in November with 569mm and the lowest rainfall in February with about 40mm of rain. This graph also shows that the average temperature throughout the year is around 26 degrees. There is very little seasonal variation in temperature but there are large seasonal fluctuations in rainfall. The humidity chart shows that the humidity is also high throughout the year, peaking between June and November, but only varying by 9% over the whole year. So between June and November, there is high humidity, high rainfall and on average, only 5 hours of sunshine a day as apposed to the 8 or 9 hours from January to April. A Sketch map of the panama region This map shows the rainforest and where the locks and the reservoirs are located. Man has had to create these reservoirs for the canal to function properly, meaning man has modified the drainage area. In order to make the reservoirs, much of the land has had to be flooded, rainforests and settlements also. This meant that many habitats were destroyed and many animals would have died as a result. Not only this, but substantial amounts of rainforest would have had to have been destroyed, that lay in the canal path and where the afore mentioned reservoirs are, again destroying habitats and killing animals. Along the route of the canal there is a series of 3 sets of locks that lower and raise the ships on their way to and from Atlantic and Pacific oceans. These locks are called the Gatun, Pedro Miguel and the Mira Flores locks. At Gatun there are 2 parallel sets of locks each consisting of 3 flights. This set of locks lift ships a total of 26 metres. The locks are constructed from concrete. More than 1.53 million cubic metres of concrete were used in the construction of the Gatun locks alone. The smallest set of locks along the Panama Canal are at Pedro Miguel and have one flight which raise or lower ships 10 metres. The Mira Flores locks have two flights with a combined lift or decent of 16.5 metres. Investigating the Social Environment Panama City is the largest city in panama. Its metropolitan area contains nearly one third of the nations inhabitants, about 1 million people. From 1980 to 1990 the city's population grew from 386,300 to 413,000. After 1990 the population again grew rapidly, increasing to 688,927. The city cannot cope with such rapid growth and there isn't enough accommodation for the whole population, so shantytowns start appearing, these are clusters of shacks, which the people build themselves. They make their ‘houses' out of anything they can find, corrugated iron, tyres and the like. These shantytowns accommodate only the poorest of the population as the richer citizens can afford the higher house prices in the city. This rapid urbanisation and the development of the shantytowns makes Panama City much more polluted. The shantytowns sprawl out from the City centre and start to intrude on the rainforests, then posing an ecological threat and threatening the sustainability of the Panama Canal. Urbanisation level This graph shows the percentage of urbanisation over the past 15 years and the predicted levels of the next 20 years. According to this graph urbanization is set to increase steadily over the next 25 years. The Panamanian government are moving people into the rainforest to give them a chance to rebuild lives and to escape the mass urbanisation and unhygienic conditions of the shantytowns. This relieves the congestion in the city and gives people new opportunities. Investigating the Economic Environment The Panama Canal is generating a lot of money for the people of Panama; it is not only a strong business and a power source, but a tourist attraction too. Many visitors come to visit the canal and bring a lot of revenue into the area, encouraging businesses to grow and prosper. The ships must pay over 15 hundred dollars to use the canal, so this brings a lot of revenue into the area. The Panama Canal can make the quality of life increase on one hand, but decrease on the other. The Canal brings a lot of revenue into the area although it can divide the social classes. The Canal creates a richer class, which are the people that profit from the canal, who continue to get richer as the canal brings in more and more money and a poorer class, as they have to move into the rainforest and live off the land with little or no money. It could also introduce crime into the area as the canal creates richer areas, with more valuable things in it, and with the poorer people living close by in the shantytowns, it is an open invitation for crime. If the Canal had to close, Panama would economically suffer immensely. Its main source of income would have dried up and the country's wealth would go down dramatically as a result. The shipping companies that use the canal would also suffer incalculably as their ships would have to sail around the tip of South America to reach the eastern world. Panama would have massive problems then with urbanisation, as people would flock to the city in hope of jobs, therefore the shantytowns will rapidly increase in size, posing new problems to the city. The Canal and it's reservoirs supply 700 000 people with fresh water. If the reservoirs cease to operate, then these people's water supply will be cut off. Evaluation If the Panamanian rainforest is cut down too much, the consequences will be dire. The canal will not be able to function properly as there will not be enough water in the reservoirs to sustain the canal. The tree's roots hold together the soil so if the trees are cut down during deforestation, then the soil becomes loose and with the huge amounts of rain that the area receives much of the soil will be washed away, into the reservoirs that feed the canal. If vast amounts of soil wash into the reservoirs then the soil occupies some of the volume of the reservoir, volume that could have been taken up by water. This means that the reservoirs cannot hold as much water as they were designed to hold. As the canal relies solely upon these reservoirs, depletion in the amount of water the reservoir could take would harm the canal's efficiency as every ship that travels through the canal takes with it an immense amount of water so there would not be the water available to work the canal, ultimately ensuring the closure of the waterway. Solutions The water in the lakes has been going down because of deforestation. The government have made a new â€Å"organic law† that allows the government to have the final say for any projects in the watershed zone. Three million dollars is being set aside to combat any environmental plans and satellite imaging is being set up so the government can view the area on a much larger scale and can see the real extent of the damage. This should enable the government to act quickly if they can see a potential threat. The Government must also regulate urbanisation as a spread of Panama City's unplanned, chaotic urbanization into the watershed would spell disaster for the canal, electricity supplies, and clean drinking water. However, the government are not perhaps taking the issue as seriously as they should be. In 1995, the government gave permission for a four-lane road to be built in the lower catchment of the watershed, ploughing straight through the national park. The Panama Canal can be sustainable if the correct precautions are taken to ensure that urbanisation and deforestation do not increase any more, otherwise, they will spiral out of control and the panama canal will have to close, ending many, many businesses in the local area and around the world.

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay - 714 Words

While reading three articles about the play called The Crucible I noticed many interesting facts. Many questions as well came to mind. The main question was â€Å"What was the Arthur purpose for writing The Crucible†? Well let’s start of by saying Arthur Miller was a extremely American play writing. Miller born in 1915, but where was his childhood? He grew up in New York with a Jewish family. Arthur Millers’ play went on Broadway at the Martin Beck. This occurred in the year of 1953. The play was called The Crucible. Was The Crucible even one of his best places? Well it was yet one of his best second plays. What were the events of the play of Miller had done? The event of the play had to do with the events that took place in Salem. What†¦show more content†¦He used Salem Witch trials as a metaphor to get Attention towards the tragedies of McCarthyism publicities. Miller uses allegory in his play to show the similarities of one historical period to anoth er. In the 1950s everyone wanted freedom, mean while during the Salem witch was the trials of religions was what life was all about. In both time periods people were scared they didnt want to be familiar with some one that could be communist or a none Christian. There for Miller wasnt only trying to send a message to McCarthy but also, to many other people. This shows the fact that When The Crucible was first produced, McCarthy cronies singled out members in the theater and in holly wood as leftists and communist sympathizers needed, many critics and audience members, and even McCarthy himself, pointed the finger at miller as a spearheading his own attack against what was the perceived to be very core American values. According to all this it proves the fact of how miller felt. â€Å"Miller himself said that once he was blacklisted as a communist by the us government, people with whom he would have chatted on the street suddenly turned a suspicious eye on him. A lot of people around miller were going against him in a very cruel way, McCarthy himself signed an attack towards miller. This play had a lot to do with certain centurys and time periods. As the period of its creation early 50s would suggest, however,Show MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustrating the flaws of the court system in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterizati on to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spit e. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible is a chaotic play, throughout this American classic Arthur Miller takes the reader through multiple events of terror and insanity. While creating a great on-stage play, Arthur Miller portrays his life through the events, the characters, and plot of The Crucible. Using vivid imagery and comprehensible symbolism, Miller manipulates the real personalities of the characters and events in 1600 Salem, Massachusetts to create a symbolic autobiography. Throughout this play, the reader experie nces